Poznań travel guide

Top 10 sights in Poznań

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1. 

   1© Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0

   Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul

   The oldest cathedral in Poland, founded in 968 for the country's first bishopric, with the graves of Mieszko I and Bolesław the Brave in the Golden Chapel. Burned out in 1945, it was rebuilt to its Gothic form; the tenth-century foundations are visible in the crypt.

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   Poznań Fortress

   The third largest fortress complex in Europe, built by Prussia through the nineteenth century as a ring of forts around the city and rated impregnable. It held out until 22 February 1945 after a month of Soviet assault; eighteen outer forts survive in various states.

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3. 

   3© MOs810 · CC BY-SA 4.0

   Wielkopolska National Park

   A national park fifteen kilometres south of Poznań, of glacial lakes and beech and pine forest left by the retreating ice sheet. It takes in part of the Warta gorge, and the ridges of debris the glacier pushed up are its distinctive feature.

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4. 

   4© Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0

   National Museum in Poznań

   One of Poland's largest museums, whose painting gallery holds Monet's Beach at Pourville — stolen from the wall in 2000 and recovered five years later — along with strong Polish nineteenth-century and Cubist rooms. Six branch museums across the city belong to it.

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5. 

   5© Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0

   Imperial Castle in Poznań

   A residence built for Kaiser Wilhelm II between 1905 and 1910, the last castle raised for a German emperor, with a throne room and a mock-Romanesque keep. Hitler had it remodelled by Albert Speer; the desk survives, as does the balcony he never used.

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   Fort VII concentration camp

   A Prussian fort turned into a concentration camp in October 1939, the first in occupied Poland, where between 4,500 and 20,000 prisoners died. The Nazis tested carbon monoxide gassing on patients here in the winter of 1939; it is now a museum.

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7. 

   7© Kura · CC BY-SA 4.0

   Poznań Fara

   A minor basilica in the old town, and with the cathedral the city's principal church — the finest baroque interior in Poland, of red stucco columns and an illusionistic vault. It was the Jesuit church until the order was suppressed in 1773.

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8. 

   8© Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0

   Royal Castle, Poznań

   A castle begun in 1249 under Przemysł I on the hill above the market square, and the residence of Polish kings when Poznań was a seat of power. Almost entirely destroyed by 1945, it was rebuilt from 2010 to 2013 in a reconstruction that remains contested.

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9. 

   9© A.Savin · CC BY-SA 3.0

   Stary Browar

   A shopping and arts centre opened in 2003 inside the nineteenth-century Huggerów brewery, keeping the brick shells and courtyards and hanging contemporary art through the retail floors. It has twice been named the best shopping centre in the world for its size.

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10. 

    10© A.Savin · CC BY-SA 3.0

    Old Market Square in Poznań

    The third largest market square in Poland, laid out in 1253, with a Renaissance town hall in the middle where two mechanical goats butt heads at noon. The merchant houses around it, in bands of colour, were rebuilt after the destruction of 1945.

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   Fort Winiary

   The Prussian citadel at the heart of Festung Posen, built from 1828 on the Winiary heights north of the centre. Nearly four thousand German troops held it to 22 February 1945; the ruins were levelled afterwards and the ground turned into a park.

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2. 

   2© Henryk Borawski · CC BY-SA 3.0

   Armored Weaponry Museum, Poznań

   Poland's largest collection of armoured fighting vehicles, some 60 machines spanning the First World War, the interwar years, the Second World War and the Cold War. Kept by the Land Forces Training Centre, it closed to visitors in 2018 and reopened at a new site in 2019.

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3. 

   3© Rzuwig · CC BY 3.0

   Citadel Park

   A hundred hectares of park made in the 1960s from the levelled citadel, holding the army museum, a Commonwealth war cemetery with 429 graves and one of the largest Soviet cemeteries in Poland. Magdalena Abakanowicz's field of a hundred and twelve iron figures stands on the slope.

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4. 

   4© Koroniec · CC BY-SA 4.0

   Poznań Old Zoo

   The oldest zoo in Poland, opened in 1874 in a park east of the centre, with nineteenth-century wooden houses and a formal layout still in place. It keeps smaller animals now, the larger species having moved to the new zoo across the river in 1974.

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5. 

   5© Four.mg · CC BY-SA 4.0

   The Enigma Cipher Center

   A museum opened in 2021 to the three Poznań mathematicians — Rejewski, Zygalski and Różycki — who broke the German Enigma cipher in December 1932, seven years before the war and long before Bletchley Park. Visitors work replica machines through the exhibition.

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6. 

   6© User:Roweromaniak · CC BY-SA 2.5

   New Synagogue in Poznań

   A synagogue of 1907 that the Germans converted into a swimming pool in 1940, which is why it survived when the rest of Jewish Poznań did not. It served as a municipal pool into the 2000s and has been returned to the Jewish community.

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7. 

   7© Ijanczuk · CC BY 3.0

   Brama Poznania ICHOT

   An interpretation centre of 2012 facing Cathedral Island across the Cybina, a rust-coloured concrete block joined to the old fortifications by a footbridge. It covers the baptism of Poland in 966, which tradition places on this island.

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8. 

   8© Igor123121 · CC BY 4.0

   Poznańskie Krzyże

   Two steel crosses bound together on Mickiewicz Square, raised in 1981 during the Solidarity months for the workers shot in the June 1956 uprising — the first mass revolt in the Soviet bloc, put down with tanks. The dates of 1956, 1968, 1970, 1976 and 1980 are cut into them.

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   Church of St. John of Jerusalem Outside the Walls

   One of the oldest brick churches in Poland, built outside the walls in the twelfth century by the Knights Hospitaller, who ran a hostel for pilgrims and the sick beside it. The Romanesque portal and the Gothic chancel both survive.

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10. 

    10© Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0

    The Royal-Imperial Route in Poznań

    A marked walking route of about four kilometres that runs from Cathedral Island through the royal castle, the market square and the imperial district. It follows the order in which the city grew, from the cradle of the Polish state to the Prussian and German additions.

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